culture and rhetoric of the answer poem 1485-1626

The Culture and Rhetoric of the Answer Poem: 1485-1626

SECTION 1: POLEMIC: FLYTING, LIBEL AND SATIRE

Chapter 1: Responses to Libel and Satire

  1. The Verse Libel
    1. A Sociological Perspective
    2. Verbal Duelling
    3. Proclamatory Answers
  2. The Verse Satire
    1. Self Publicising Tudor Satirists
    2. John Skelton
    3. John Marston

Chapter 2: Domestic and Cross-Cultural Flyting

  1. Cross-Cultural Flyting
    1. Anglo-French Flyting
    2. Anglo-Scottish Flyting
  2. Domestic Flyting
    1. John Skelton and Christopher Garnish
    2. Thomas Smyth and William Gray
    3. Thomas Churchyard and Thomas Camel
    4. John Taylor and William Fennor

SECTION 2: MARRIAGE, FRIENDSHIP COURTSHIP/COURTIERSHIP

Chapter 3: Answer Poetry and Marriage: 1550-1570

  1. Pros and Cons of Marriage
  2. Duties of Husbands and Wives

Chapter 4: Late Tudor Amicable Verse Exchanges

  1. Barnabe Googe
  2. Isabella Whitney
  3. John Donne

Chapter 5: Women's answer-poetry and the female-voiced response

  1. Henrician Answer Poetry
  2. Late Elizabethan and Jacobean Answer Poetry
    1. Elizabeth I
    2. Frances Seymour, Countess of Hertford
    3. Lady Mary Cheke
    4. Lady Mary Wroth



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subjectsIsabella Whitney, Familiar and Friendly Verse Epistles, Copy of a Letter

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196

apparent reliance upon Aristotle. 339 His use of the salutation “friend”, however, adds a further dimension to the force of his argument. Although the greeting is commonplace in Turbervile’s answers, and in familiar epistles generally, here the nomenclature emphasises the empirical disproval of Googe’s argument. Presumably Turbervile is presenting himself as a model friend and in doing so challenges Googe implicitly with the discrepancy between the sort of friendship in which he affects to believe and that which he might perceive from his experience of his relationship with Turbervile.

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The Redemptive Pattern of Isabella Whitney’s Familiar and Friendly Verse Epistles

Like Turbervile’s miscellany, Isabella Whitney’s ‘Certain Familier Epistles and Friendly Letters by the Auctor with Replies’ exhibits contiguous intertextuality with earlier collections of epistolary verse exchanges. The ‘Friendly Letters’ span sigs Cvir-Eiiv of her verse miscellany A Sweet Nosgay (1573) within which there is a sequence of verses exchanged between Whitney and acquaintances real and imaginary (sigs Diiir-Eiiv). 340 Both Ovid’s Heroides and her own Copy of a Letter serve as intertextual reference points, and the short collection incorporates a wide spectrum of intertextual narrative layers. 341 Ovid’s abandoned heroine, Dido, is addressed in the first epistle by Whitney and, in turn, Whitney is answered by her friends T. B. (Thomas Berrie), one C. B. and finally her cousin George Whitney. These exchanged verses comprise of a

339 Aristotle writes that the good man, “will throw away wealth […] on condition that their friends will gain more; for while a man’s friend gains wealth he himself achieves nobility” (IX. 8).

340 A Sweet Nosgay; Or Pleasant Posye Contayning a Hundred and Ten Philosophicall Flowers (printed by R[ichard] Jones, 1573), STC 25440.

341 The Copy of a Letter, Lately Written in Meeter, by a Yonge Gentilwoman to her Vnconstant Louer. With an Admonition to Al Yong Gentilwomen, and to All Other Mayds in General to Beware of Mennes Flattery (printed by Richarde Jhones, 1567), STC 25439.



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